Unit 5 形容词

专题一 形容词的定义和比较等级

一、形容词的定义

用来描述或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性的词就是形容词，常用作定语（Att）、表语（P）、补足语或状语等。

二、形容词的比较等级

1．原级：无比较，用形容词的原形。如：tall，pretty，beautiful。

2．比较级：用于两者之间的比较。如：taller，prettier，more beautiful。

3．最高级：用于三者或三者以上之间的比较。如：tallest，prettiest，most beautiful。

三、形容词的比较等级规则及不规则变化

1．规则变化的词。

2．不规则变化的词。

注意：1.双音节词前加上前缀un时，仍加er和est构成比较级和最高级。

eg. unlucky→unluckier→unluckiest

2．less和least用以构成辅助比较级和最高级。

eg. comfortable→less comfortable→least comfortable

基础训练

一、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。

1．new→_______→__________

2．small→_______→__________

3．clever→_______→__________

4．shy→_______→__________

5．ugly→_______→__________

6．strong→_______→__________

7．long→_______→

8．hard→_______→__________

9．large→_______→__________

10．thick→_______→__________

11．nice→_______→__________

12．early→_______→__________

13．unhappy→_______→__________

14．boring→_______→__________

15．important→_______→__________

16．necessary→_______→__________

17．useful→_______→__________

18．little→_______→__________

19．far→_______→__________

20．badly(adv.) →_______→__________

21．afraid→_______→__________

二、单项选择

1．We all like Lucy as she is always thinking_______of others than herself.

A. less

B. much more

C. much

D. better

2．It's hard to hold back the tears. This is_______thing I've ever heard.

A. sad

B. sadder

C. saddest

D. the saddest

专题二 形容词的句法功能

一、形容词作定语（Att）

1．形容词作定语，一般置于被修饰词前，用来说明被修饰词的性质和特征。

eg. It is a very unusual experience.那是一次非常不平常的经历。

Hefei is a beautiful city.合肥是一座美丽的城市。

2．有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语。

eg. little小的 live活着的 older较年长的 eldest最年长的 indoor室内的 outdoor户外的main主要的 south南方的 western西方的

二、形容词作表语（P）

1．形容词与系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质和特征。常见的系动词有：be，remain，keep，stay，become，get，grow，fall，feel，go，come，look，smell，taste，sound，seem等。

eg. His dream came true in the end.最后他的梦想实现了。

Your brother has fallen asleep.你的弟弟已经睡着了。

2．少数形容词只能作表语，且无级的变化。

eg. afraid害怕的 alone单独的 alike相似的 ashamed羞耻的 alive活着的 sorry抱歉的asleep睡着的 awake醒着的 fond喜欢的 glad高兴

The little girl is afraid of the man.小女孩对那个男人很害怕。

They are glad to see us.他们看到我们很高兴。

三、形容词作宾语补足语（C）

宾语补足语又称为复合宾语，其结构为“S+V+n./pron.+adj.”。

eg. Don't keep the door open.不要让门开着。

His dog's death made him very sad.他的狗死了，让他很伤心。

四、形容词作主语（S）和宾语（O）

“the+形容词”泛指一类人或事物时，可在句中作主语和宾语。

eg. the rich富人 the poor穷人 the dead死去的人 the living活着的人 the lame瘸人

the old老人 the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the deaf聋人 the wounded受伤的人 the new新事物

The young should help the old.年轻人应该帮助老年人。（the young作主语；the old作宾语）

五、形容词作状语（Ad）

形容词作状语表示时间、方式、原因、伴随状况、让步、强调和条件等，也可以对主语进行解释，说明主语的情况或进行强调。

eg. The lost boy spent three days in the forest， cold and hungry.迷路的男孩在森林中过了三天，又冷又饿。

六、作定语和表语意义不同的形容词

eg. He's an ill boy.他是个坏男孩。（Att）

The boy is ill.男孩生病了。（P）

基础训练

一、用代号标出下列句中画线部分的形容词所作的句子成分。

1．There is a basket full of apples on the ground.（　）

2． The old often thinks back the old things.（　）

3．The boy stood before the class, silly.（　）

4．This kind of apple tastes delicious.（　）

5．Linda is my elder sister.（　）

6．The new road is about 1, 000 kilometers long.（　）

7．The man alive has been 105 years old.（　）

8．They keep the classroom clean every day.（　）

9．The surprise birthday party made me excited.（　）

10．Have you got anythingnew to tell me.（　）

11．She felt very ashamed for not passing the exam.（　）

12．Come on, Tom, a certain woman wants to see you! （　）

二、单项选择

1．My sister is still very_______with me because I broke her new pencil box yesterday.

A. popular

B. satisfied

C. honest

D. angry

2．He made a lot of money and became very__________.

A. poor

B. weak

C. rapid

D. wealthy

专题三 形容词比较等级的基本用法（一）

一、形容词原级的用法

1．“A... as+形容词原级+as+B”意为“A和B一样……”。

eg. This skirt is as expensive as that one.这个裙子和那个一样贵。

2．“A...not so/as+形容词原级+as+B”意为“A和B不是一样……”。

eg. Bo Wei is not so/as careful as Cao Rui.博伟不如曹蕊细心。

3．当as... as与表示重量、数量、时间、距离、价格的计量词连用时，意为“重达/多达/长达/远达/贵达……”。

eg. This well is as deep as 32 meters.这口井深达32米。

4．as... as短语有时不表示“比较”的情况。常用的有：

as well as和，以及 as far as就……而言 as early as早在……as possible as尽可能

as long as只要 as soon as一……就……

eg. He speaks Japanese as well as English and French.他日语说得跟英语和法语一样好。

5．A...times as+形容词原级+as+B表示“A是B的……倍”。

eg. The book costs three times as much as that one.这本书的价格是那本书的三倍。

二、形容词比较级的用法

1．表示一方超过另一方时，常用“比较级+than”结构。

eg. Jane looks more beautiful than her little sister.简看起来比她的妹妹更漂亮。

2．表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”结构。

eg. Biology is less interesting than physics.生物没有物理有趣。

3．在比较级中，若than后接人称代词时，在口语中多用宾格；但若代词后有谓语时，只能用主格。

eg. He is cleverer than me/I.他比我聪明。

He is cleverer than I am.（只用人称代词主格）

4．表示“越来越……”，有两种情况：①比较级+and+比较级；②more and more+原级。

eg. China has become stronger and stronger.中国已变得越来越强大了。

Spring is getting more and more beautiful.春天变得越来越美丽。

5．表示“越……就越……”，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。

eg. The more books we read， the cleverer we will become.我们读的书越多，我们就会变得越聪明。

6．“the+比较级+of the two...”表示“两者中更……的”。

eg. She's the fatter of the two girls.她是两个女孩中较胖的那个。

Allen seems the more careful of the two boys.艾伦是两个男孩中较细心的那个。

基础训练

根据汉语完成下列英语句子。

1．朱老师同赵老师一样严厉。

Mr Zhu is_______Mr Zhao.

2．第3单元没有第4单元难。

Unit 3 is_______Unit 4.

3．她帮助别人越多，她越开心。

_______she helps others, _______she feels.

4．如果你想成为一名歌手，你就需要更多的练习。

If you want to be a singer, you need much_______.

5．长江比泰晤士河宽。

The Changjiang River is_______the River Thames.

6．余新雅变得越来越勤奋（diligent）了。

Yu Xinya is getting_______.

7．兄弟俩中吉姆更优秀。

Of the two brothers, Jim is_______.

8．上海是我们城市的三倍大。

Shanghai is_______our city.

9．我认为历史不如自然科学有趣。

I think history is_______than science.

专题四 形容词比较等级的基本用法（二）

一、形容词最高级的用法

1．形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the。

eg. This is the oldest theatre in London.这是伦敦最古老的剧院。

Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter.快递是最快的寄信方式。

2．形容词最高级前不加the的情况。

（1）最高级前有形容词性物主代词时，不加定冠词the。

eg. This is my best friend.这是我最好的朋友。

（2）形容词最高级作表语时，定冠词the可省去。

eg. I think Julius is（the） most polite.我认为朱利叶斯最有礼貌。

3．one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数形式。

eg. Miss Fang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.

方老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。

4．“Which/Who+形容词最高级，A，B or C？”句型。

Which is the heaviest, an elephant, a horse or a cow?

大象、马、牛哪个最重？

Who looks the coolest, Joe, Jim or Jason?

谁看起来最酷，乔、吉姆还是杰森？

5．most+形容词。

有时most用在形容词前不表示最高级，意为“非常”，其前可加不定冠词。

eg. This is a most important problem.这是一个非常重要的问题。

He has been most kind to me.他已经对我非常好了。

二、“比较级+than any other+单数可数名词”与“比较级+than any+单数可数名词”的不同含义

（1）“比较级+than any other+单数可数名词”表示“比其他任何……都……”，强调同一范围内作比较。

eg. China has larger population than any other country in Asia.中国的人口比亚洲其他国家的人口都多。

（2）“比较级+than any+单数可数名词”表示不在同一范围内的比较，此时不用other。

eg. China has larger population than any country in Africa.中国的人口比任一非洲国家的人口都多。

三、形容词级的修饰语（或称标志性词语）

1．原级的修饰语：what，how，so，too，very，pretty，quite，fairly，as等。

2．比较级的修饰语：much，even，still，a little，bit，a lot，any，far，twice，three times...，rather，... of the two，some，no等。

3．最高级的修饰语：by far，of all，of the three，one of the...，ever，almost，among，序数词等。

基础训练

一、用括号内所给形容词的适当形式填空。

1．The Yellow River is the second_______(long)river in China.

2．Autumn is_______(good) season in Beijing.

3．This part is of the_______(little) importance of all.

4．Beacher is_______(young) child in his family. His parents love him best.

5．Tom was so_______(angry) that he said nothing.

6．I think English is one of_______(important)subjects in middle school.

7．Which is_______(difficult), physics or biology?

8．This movie is_______than the other two. It is_______of the three.(interesting)

二、单项选择。

1．—Your father never shops online. Why's that?

—He says they're much_______but the products are not really good.

A. nicer

B. cheap

C. nice

D. cheaper

2．Miho is_______student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.

A. young

B. younger

C. the younger

D. the youngest

能力训练

一、根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词拼写。

1．The young woman is very b_______. She is not

afraid of anything.

2．What made the students s_______（惊讶的）

was that all the cups on the table were different.

3．Jason fell a_______in class yesterday because he was very tired.

4．As long as we work hard, China Dream is sure to come t_______.

5．The Internet makes our life nicer，easier and more_______（多彩）than before.

6．I don't like the movie because I think it is too b_______.

7．It's_______（令人放松的）to listen to music in bed after hard work.

8．A c_______driver is a danger to the people on the road.

二、同义句型转换，每空一词。

1．Mr Li told us not to make any noise.

Mr Li told us_______.

2．Jim is less hardworking than Tim.

Jim is_______Tim.

3．Tom's grandmother is in good health.

Tom's grandmother is_______.

4．Mechelle feels good about speaking Chinese now.

Mechelle is_______Chinese now.

5．I am thirteen years old and my elder brother is seventeen years old.

I am_______than my elder brother.

6．Tom is the same age as Tim.

Tom is_______young_______Tim.

7．Radio Eight has better and quicker information than Evening Radio.

Evening Radio has_______and_______information_______Radio Eight.

8．Li Ping is shorter than all of the other girls in her class.

Li P ing is_______in her class.

三、单项选择。

1．—Lily has two sisters, doesn't she?

—Yes, she's taller and older than her two sisters, but she's not_______one of the three.

A. the tallest

B. youngest

C. shortest

D. the cleverest

2．—Are you clear about the job of a policeman, Ben?

—Yes，to keep people_______and the society（社会）in good order.

A. busy

B. safe

C. lucky

D. healthy

3．Mountain climbing is one of_______sports in the world.

A. dangerous

B. more dangerous

C. the most dangerous

4．—Why do many people buy things online on Nov.11th?

—Because there are so many sales, and the prices are__________.

A. much lower

B. more cheap

C. more expensive

实战训练

一、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

1．昨天你看到天上有某种奇怪的东西了吗？

Did you see_______in the sky yesterday?

2．《飘》这本书在我们图书馆也许仍然可以借到。

The book Gone with the Wind maybe is still_______in our library.

3．李怡变得越来越开朗了。

Li Yi is getting_______.

4．中国是一个伟大的国家，在世界上扮演着重要的角色。

China is a_______country and_______in the world.

5．玛丽亚认为以那种方法解题更容易。

Maria thought_______to solve the problem in that way.

6．你知道谁是活着的最伟大的人吗？

Do you know who is the greatest man_______?

二、改错：下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。

三、单项选择。

1．_______you travel, _______your life experience will be.

A. The less; the more

B. The more; the less

C. The more; the richer

2．Among these children, Jim has_______life and he lives_______.

A. the most happy; most happily

B. the happiest; most happily

C. the happiest; happiest

3．—What do you think of the movie?

—Great! I have never seen a_______one.

A. good

B. bad

C. better

D. worse