Unit 6 副词

专题一 副词的定义、形式和分类

一、副词的定义

用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或一句话的词叫副词。副词可表示时间、地点、程度、方式等，多作状语，也可作定语或表语。

二、副词的形式

1．简单副词：本身就是副词，没有特殊的词尾。

eg. very, quite, never, now, then, much, too, rather

2．与形容词同形的副词。

eg. clean, late, wide, well, tight, slow, quick, high, fast, hard, low, straight, right, loud, just, early, round, little, much, only, half, long

3．派生副词及其构成规则：“形容词+后缀ly”构成派生副词，其规则如下。

（1）直接在形容词词尾后加后缀ly。

eg. careful→carefully slow→slowly quick→quickly serious→seriously

（2）以“y”结尾的形容词，y发音为/ɪ/，变y为i，再加ly。

eg. easy→easily happy→happily busy→busily lazy→lazily

（3）以“y”结尾的形容词，y发音为/aI/，直接在词尾加ly。

eg. dry→dryly shy→shyly

（4）多数以e结尾的形容词直接加后缀ly。但true，due，whole等应去e，再加ly。

eg. true→truly due→duly whole→wholly

（5）以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词，去e后再加y。

eg. able→ably gentle→gently simple→simply terrible→terribly

三、副词的分类

1．时间副词：now，then，just now，before，today，tomorrow，ago，soon。

2．地点副词：here，there，home，upstairs，downstairs，everywhere。

3．表示位置关系的副词：above，below，out，in，down，up，far，back，inside，outside，behind，back，past，across，along，over。

4．大部分方式副词是由形容词加后缀 ly构成的（对方式副词的提问一般用 how）：badly，politely，rapidly，clearly，brightly，excitedly。

5．程度副词：almost，enough，extremely（极端地），really，little，much too。

6．频度副词（对频度副词提问一般用how often）：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never，once，twice。

7．疑问副词（构成特殊疑问句）：why，when，where，how，whenever。

8．连接副词（引导从句或与动词不定式连用，与疑问词一样）：when，why，where。

9．句子副词：finally，luckily，suddenly，fortunately。

10．其他副词：therefore，however，yes，no，certainly，sure。

基础训练

一、写出下列形容词的副词形式。

1．hard→

2．active→

3．brave→

4．different→

5．high→

6．calm→

7．easy→

8．hopeful→

9．free→

10．patient→

11．serious→

12．probable→

13．possible→

14．perfect→

15．true→

二、单项选择

1．—Can you catch what I said?

—Sorry, I can_______understand it because you speak very quickly.

A. almost

B. probably

C. mostly

D. hardly

2．I didn't do very well in this exam. Unluckily, he did it_______.

A. worse

B. badly

C. better

D. worst

3．—Would you like some green tea?

—No, thanks. I_______drink green tea. It hurts my stomach.

A. almost

B. seldom

C. only

D. still

专题二 副词的句法功能及其在句中的位置

一、副词的句法功能

1．副词作状语（Ad）：副词作状语可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子。

eg. Selina sings well.塞琳娜歌唱得很好。（修饰动词）

She is quite interested in English.她对英语十分感兴趣。（修饰形容词）

Don't walk so slowly.别走得那么慢。（修饰副词）

2．副词作表语（P）：主要指主语的方位、方向、动作或状态等。

eg. The sun is down.太阳落下了。

What's on at the cinema？电影院里放映什么电影？

3．副词作定语：副词可置于名词或代词后作后置定语（Att）

eg. The air here is fresh.这儿的空气新鲜。

The room upstairs is very clean.楼上的房间很干净。

The girl over there is my sister.那边的女孩是我姐姐。

4．副词作宾语补足语（C）：主要说明宾语所处的位置、状态等。

eg. We'll see Selina off tomorrow.我们明天将为塞琳娜送行。

I saw her downstairs just now.我刚才在楼下看见她了。

二、副词在句中的位置

1．副词置于句首：有的副词置于句首修饰整个句子，表示说话人的态度等。

eg. Luckily，Liu Lei passed the English exam.幸运的是，刘磊通过了英语考试。

Suddenly，a dog rushed out.突然，一条狗冲了出来。

2．疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，应置于句首。

eg. Why didn't you come to my party？你为什么没来参加我的聚会？

Where will you go on holiday？你将去哪里度假？

3．副词位于句中。

（1）表示不确切时间的副词和一些频度副词常置于行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

eg. He often goes to school on foot.他经常步行上学。

I have never been to the Great Wall.我从来没去过长城。

My father never plays computer games.我爸爸从来不玩电脑游戏。

（2）程度副词一般置于所修饰的词前面。

eg. He quite agreed with me.他十分赞同我的意见。

Jack was too tired to work on.杰克太累了而不能继续工作了。

注意：enough需置于形容词或其他副词之后。

eg. The room isn't large enough to seat all of us.这房间不够大，坐不下我们所有的人。

4．副词位于句尾。

eg. He speaks English very well.他英语讲得很好。

基础训练

一、用代号指出下列副词所充当的句子成分。

1．Linda sometimes wears a pink skirt.（　）

2．I must be off.（　）

3．I saw him out with a beautiful girl.（　）

4．Everyone there can speak English well.（　）

5．Is anybody in? （　）

6． Luckily, he was not at home when his house was on fire.（　）

7．The new words below are easy to remember.（　）

8．May I ask the girl in? （　）

二、选择适当的词填空。

1．Sophia is always_______. Now she is driving_______along the narrow road.(careful, carefully)

2．Allen is_______clever but_______lazy.(rather, quite)

3．I'm_______hungrier now.(very, much)

4．Doctor Liu takes care of the patients_______than her.(patientlier, more patiently)

5．Jim plays badminton_______well as Tim does.(so, as)

6．Li Yi is_______beautiful girl.(quite a; a quite)

专题三 副词的比较等级及其用法

一、副词的比较等级的构成

副词也分为原级、比较级和最高级三种形式，其构成规则与形容词级的构成一样。（略）

二、副词原级的用法

1．肯定句中用“A... as+副词原级+as B”结构，表示“A和B一样……”。

eg. Nancy writes as carefully as Lily.南希和莉莉写得一样认真。

She speaks French as fluently as her friends.她说法语同她的朋友说得一样流利。

2．否定句中用“A...not as/so+副词原级+as B”结构，表示“A不如B……”。

eg. I can't type so/as fast as my brother.我打字不及我弟弟快。

His mobile phone doesn't cost so/as much as mine.他的手机没有我的贵。

3．固定结构“as+副词原级+as possible”相当于“as+副词原级+as one can”。

eg. You must come to school as early as possible.=You must come to school as early as you can.你们必须尽可能早到校。

We should share our views at the meeting as actively as possible.=We should share our views at the meeting as actively as we can.我们在会上应该尽可能积极地发表观点。

三、副词比较级的用法

1．比较级的单独使用。

eg. Will you please come here a little earlier？请你来早点好吗？

You should drive more carefully next time.下次你应该更加小心驾驶。

2．“比较级+than”句式，表示“一方比另一方更……”。

eg. Li Yi jumps farther than Lily.李怡跳得比莉莉远。

The car's running less smoothly than it used to.这辆车跑得没有过去平稳了。

3．“比较级+and+比较级”句式，表示某种情况变得“越来越……”。

eg. Yu Xinya jumps higher and higher.余新雅跳得越来越高了。

The fire spread farther and farther.大火蔓延得越来越远。

4．“the+比较级，the+比较级”句式，表示“越……就越……”。

eg. The harder you work at your lessons, the faster you'll improve.

你学习功课越勤奋，你将进步越快。

四、副词最高级的用法

副词最高级主要用于“（the）+副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”中。

eg. Of all the girls she dances（the）best.在所有女孩中她跳舞跳得最好。

基础训练

一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．I can't run as_______(fast) as you. You run_______(fast) than I.

2．Angelo swims_______(well) than I do, but he doesn't swim as_______(well) as my brother.

3．Selina sang_______(badly) than any other girl in the group. Her elder sister sang_______(well) of all.

4．They all finished the work two hours_______(early) than usual.

5．Queenie walks_______(slowly) than her brother.

二、单项选择

1．—How do you write with your new pen?

—_______.

A. Quick and neat

B. Quickly and neatly

C. Quickly and neat

D. Quick and neatly

2．Do you think Yao Ming plays basketball as_______as Michael Jordan?

A. bad

B. badly

C. wonderful

D. wonderfully

3．I like swimming very much, but now I_______swim as_______as I used to.

A. don't; often

B. not; often

C. don't; oftener

D. not; oftener

能力训练

一、根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．He came to school_______(late) again this morning.

2．Mrs Black told us to write as_______(care) as we could.

3．Jane sings_______(wonder) than Jenny does.

4．Kathie was_______(deep) moved by the movie.

5．English is the most_______(wide) spoken language in the world.6. The plane was flying_______(high). We thought_______(high) of the pilot.

7．The bike goes_______(fast). The tractor goes_______(fast) than the bike. The taxi goes the_______(fast) of all.

8．The_______(much) you practice your spoken English, the_______(well) you will speak it.

二、按要求转换句型。

1．You can use the computer better than she.（改为同义句）

She can't use the computer_______you.

2．Selina can sing beautifully before the class.（对画线部分提问）

_______Selina_______before the class?

3．Daniel runs faster than any of the other students in their class.（改为同义句）

Daniel runs_______their class.

4．The farmers are working in the field very hard.（改为感叹句）

_______the farmers are working in the field!

5．You have studied so hard that you can catch up with others.（改为同义句）

You have studied_______to catch up with others.

三、单项选择。

1．In the reading class, the_______you are, the_______you can find answers in the passage.

A. careful; easily

B. more careful; more easily

C. carefuler; easier

D. more careful; easier

2．—I can hardly see the words on the screen.

—Well, Let's go and take the front seats so that we may see__________.

A. clear

B. clearer

C. more clearly

3．It is_______for him to get to school on time, because it is raining_______.

A. hard; hardly

B. hardly; hard

C. hard; hard

4．—Has your mother finished washing_______?

—No, she hasn't finished washing_______.

A. yet; yet

B. already; already

C. still; yet

D. yet; already

5．I have never seen Miss Fan herself

_______.

A. ago

B. before

C. often

D. sometimes

6．There has never been such a beautiful village_______in the world.

A. anywhere

B. everywhere

C. somewhere

D. nowhere

实战训练

一、用 either，also，hardly，almost，nearly，hard，too，ago，before填空。

1．Lily hasn't been to Hawaii and Lucy hasn't been, __________.

2．Jack had_______nothing to do but stay at home watching TV.

3．Li Yi has got good grades, _______.

4．Tim sings and_______paints sometimes.

5．He_______goes to movies, does he?

6．To improve your English, you should work_______at it.

7．That was twenty years_______, but I remembered it clearly.

8．I have never seen a better film_______.

9．There isn't_______enough money for that expensive smart phone.

二、用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空。

1．Don't you think this story is_______(interesting) than that one?

2．Last Sunday, many people went to the concert, _______(most) young people.

3．Tom thinks his corn is_______(delicious) of all the foods.

4．Which do you like_______(well), bread, rice or noodles?

5．She does her homework_______(careful) than her brother.

6．Li Na is one of_______(famous) tennis players in the world.

三、单项选择。

1．Nothing is_______than riding. I like it best.

A. enjoyable

B. more enjoyable

C. most enjoyable

D. the most enjoyable

2．There was a big fire yesterday._______, no one was hurt.

A. Luckily

B. Loudly

C. Angrily

D. Badly

3．We had a football match yesterday. Our fans cheered us on_______and we felt more confident.

A. slowly

B. loudly

C. nearly

D. carelessly

4．We can collect rainwater when it rains_______, and use it to water plants.

A. softly

B. heavily

C. noisily

D. quietly

5．Fire is very dangerous. You can't be_______careful with it!

A. very

B. quite

C. so

D. too

6．You should think_______before taking the job, and don't do it just for fun.

A. quickly

B. seriously

C. proudly

7．You're standing too near the camera. Can you move_______?

A. a bit far

B. a little farther

C. a bit of farther

D. a little far

8．—Have you ever been to New Zealand?

—No. I'd like to, _______.

A. too

B. either

C. although

D. though

9．My aunt and uncle will come to visit us_______next week.

A. sometime

B. sometimes

C. some times

D. some time