Chapter 3　Sentence CompIetion　完成句子题

出题形式

雅思阅读中的完成句子题和填空题相似。考题形式是给出陈述句，但是留有一个或两个空格，根据原文的内容填空。目前考试中绝大部分的题目要求中有字数限制，一般有如下几种表达方式：（1）no more than two/three/four words；（2）one or two words；（3）use a maximum of two words。该题型要求考生根据文章内容，选择符合语法的并且能使语义通顺的词或者词组。重点考查学生迅速定位的能力和理解句意并且同义转述的能力。

题型特点

●一般为顺序，但是也有乱序的情况（较少）。

●遵循“所见即所得”原则，即确认的答案一般是原文出现过的，不会轻易替换单词或者词性。

●答案一般有字数限制。

●有些题目会限制出题段落，如according to paragraph A to paragraph D……

考查技能

1.快速定位能力

该题型主要是考查考生能否根据题目快速在原文找到出题处的能力，这就会引入一个定位的问题。再者，如果碰到定位词“失效”的情况，即词性替换甚至单词替换，我们就必须依赖文章结构发展来帮助细节定位。

2.同义转换能力

这种类型的难点主要在两个方面，上面提及的是定位问题，第二个就是定位确认之后的同义转述能力。也就是说，如果在单词量小看不懂句子的情况下，考生可能很难在一个句子甚至好几个句子之中找到适合的答案。

解题步骤

1.浏览文章标题、副标题、图片，了解文章话题及体裁。

2.画出题目当中的定位词和帮助确认答案的词（介词、冠词等）。

3.精读每个段落的首句，了解文章发展。

4.分析题目的细节属于哪个主题段落。

5.根据预测进行求证，精读确认的原文句子并且进行同义转述，找到应该填入的词、词组或者数字。

真题训练及解析

剑12　Test 7　PASSAGE 1

Flying tortoises

An airborne reintroduction programme has helped conservationists take significant steps to protect the endangered Galápagos tortoise.

A Forests of spiny cacti cover much of the uneven lava plains that separate the interior of the Galápagos island of Isabela from the Pacific Ocean.With its five distinct volcanoes, the island resembles a lunar landscape.Only the thick vegetation at the skirt of the often cloud-covered peak of Sierra Negra offers respite from the barren terrain below.This inhospitable environment is home to the giant Galápagos tortoise.Some time after the Galápagos’s birth, around five million years ago, the islands were colonised by one or more tortoises from mainland South America.As these ancestral tortoises settled on the individual islands, the different populations adapted to their unique environments, giving rise to at least 14 different subspecies.Island life agreed with them.In the absence of significant predators, they grew to become the largest and longest-living tortoises on the planet, weighing more than 400 kilograms, occasionally exceeding 1.8 metres in length and living for more than a century.

B Before human arrival, the archipelago's tortoises numbered in the hundreds of thousands. From the 17th century onwards, pirates took a few on board for food, but the arrival of whaling ships in the 1790s saw this exploitation grow exponentially.Relatively immobile and capable of surviving for months without food or water, the tortoises were taken on board these ships to act as food supplies during long ocean passages.Sometimes, their bodies were processed into high-grade oil.In total, an estimated 200，000 animals were taken from the archipelago before the 20th century.This historical exploitation was then exacerbated when settlers came to the islands.They hunted the tortoises and destroyed their habitat to clear land for agriculture.They also introduced alien species-ranging from cattle, pigs, goats, rats and dogs to plants and ants-that either prey on the eggs and young tortoises or damage or destroy their habitat.

C Today, only 11 of the original subspecies survive and of these, several are highly endangered. In 1989，work began on a tortoise-breeding centre just outside the town of Puerto Villamil on Isabela, dedicated to protecting the island's tortoise populations.The centre's captive-breeding programme proved to be extremely successful, and it eventually had to deal with an overpopulation problem.

D The problem was also a pressing one. Captive-bred tortoises can't be reintroduced into the wild until they're at least five years old and weigh at least 4.5 kilograms, at which point their size and weight-and their hardened shells-are sufficient to protect them from predators.But if people wait too long after that point, the tortoises eventually become too large to transport.

E For years, repatriation efforts were carried out in small numbers, with the tortoises carried on the backs of men over weeks of long, treacherous hikes along narrow trails. But in November 2010，the environmentalist and Galápagos National Park liaison officer Godfrey Merlin, a visiting private motor yacht captain and a helicopter pilot gathered around a table in a small café in Puerto Ayora on the island of Santa Cruz to work out more ambitious reintroduction.The aim was to use a helicopter to move 300 of the breeding centre’s tortoises to various locations close to Sierra Negra.

F This unprecedented effort was made possible by the owners of the 67-metre yacht White Cloud, who provided the Galápagos National Park with free use of their helicopter and its experienced pilot, as well as the logistical support of the yacht, its captain and crew.Originally an air ambulance, the yacht’s helicopter has a rear double door and a large internal space that’s well suited for cargo, so a custom crate was designed to hold up to 33 tortoises with a total weight of about 150 kilograms.This weight, together with that of the fuel, pilot and four crew, approached the helicopter’s maximum payload, and there were times when it was clearly right on the edge of the helicopter’s capabilities.During a period of three days, a group of volunteers from the breeding centre worked around the clock to prepare the young tortoises for transport.Meanwhile, park wardens, dropped off ahead of time in remote locations, cleared landing sites within the thick brush, cacti and lava rocks.

G Upon their release, the juvenile tortoises quickly spread out over their ancestral territory, investigating their new surroundings and feeding on the vegetation. Eventually, one tiny tortoise came across a fully grown giant who had been lumbering around the island for around a hundred years.The two stood side by side, a powerful symbol of the regeneration of an ancient species.

Questions 8-13

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

The decline of the Galápagos tertoise

●Originally from mainland South America

●Numbers on Galápagos islands increased, due to lack of predators

●17th century：small numbers taken onto ships used by 8

●1790s：very large numbers taken onto whaling ships, kept for　9，and also　used to produce　10

●Hunted by 11___on the islands

●Habitat destruction：for the establishment of agriculture and by various 12___not native to the islands, which also fed on baby tortoises and tortoises’13

考题解析

根据句子配对的标题的定位词为专有名词Galapagos tortoise，所以Q8到Q13的答案应该都会确定在B段（每段主题句）。

8.答案　pirates

解析　该题的定位词确认为17th century和small numbers，对应到B段所在的句子是From the 17th century onwards, pirates took a few on board for food, but the arrival of whaling ships in the 1790s saw this exploitation grow exponentially.

9.答案　food

解析　定位词为时间1790s和whaling ships，文章对应点按照顺序题型原则往下，仍然在B段but the arrival of whaling ships in the　1790s saw this exploitation grow exponentially.Relatively immobile and capable of surviving for months without food or water, the tortoises were taken on board these ships to act as food supplies during long ocean passages.

10.答案　oil

解析　继续顺序往下，对应到原文的句子就可以确认到定位词是Sometimes, their bodies were processed into high-grade oil.答案就是该句最后一个单词，oil。

11.答案　settlers

解析　根据定位词islands且顺序题型继续往下看，题目的动词是hunted by，所以答案应该是一个名词且应该是人，对应到原文的句子为This historical exploitation was then exacerbated when settlers came to the islands.确定答案为settlers。

12.答案　species

解析　选择定位词habitat destruction, agriculture，答案是填在various这个形容词之后，所以应该是名词，并且是名词的复数形式。顺序往下They also introduced alien species-ranging from cattle, pigs, goats, rats and dogs to plants and ants-that either prey on the eggs and young tortoises or damage or destroy their habitat.所以答案为species。

13.答案　eggs

解析　定位词为baby tortoises，顺序往下找，……that either prey on the eggs and young tortoises or damage or destroy their habitat.所以答案填eggs。