06 Albert Einstein
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，一个震惊世界的超强大脑

名人标签

01 Einstein's discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.

爱因斯坦的发现和理论对很多科学领域产生了极大的影响。

02 He is best known in popular culture for his mass-energy equivalence（等价）formula E=mc2.

他以最著名的质能等价公式E=mc2闻名于世。

03 He received the1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.

爱因斯坦提出光子假设，成功解释了光电效应，因此获得1921年诺贝尔物理奖。

了解他/她多少

Personal life

Albert Einstein was born in the German Empire. When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 , he was visiting the United States and did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences.He settled in the U.S., becoming an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed（签名）a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, alerting him to the potential development of “extremely powerful bombs of a new type” and recommending that the U.S. should begin similar research. Einstein supported defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced（谴责）the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear（原子能的）fission as a weapon.

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出生于德国的爱因斯坦，辗转生活于米兰、苏黎世等不同地方。纳粹党攫取德国政权后，爱因斯坦是科学界首要的迫害对象，幸而当时他在美国讲学，未遭毒手，之后定居于美国。为支持反法西斯战争，他写信给罗斯福总统提醒他原子军备的危险性，也建议美国应该着手发展，但是同时也对反对原子军备滥用论调。

Career

Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile（调停）the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational（重力的）fields, and with his subsequent（随后的）theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum（量子论）theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale structure of the universe（宇宙）.

Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. Einstein's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word “Einstein” synonymous（同义的）with genius so that in a sense he may be regarded as the greatest genius who ever lived.

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年近26岁的爱因斯坦连续发表了三篇论文（《光量子》《布朗运动》和《狭义相对论》），在物理学三个不同领域中取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命。1915年爱因斯坦发表了广义相对论。他所作的光线经过太阳引力场要弯曲的预言，由亚瑟·斯坦利·爱丁顿的日全食观测结果所证实。爱因斯坦和相对论在西方成了家喻户晓的名词，同时也招来了德国和其他国家的沙文主义者、军国主义者和排犹主义者的恶毒攻击。爱因斯坦因在光电效应方面的研究，被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。

妙语连珠

The armament race between the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R., originally supposed to be a preventive measure, assumes（假定）hysterical character. On both sides, the means to mass destruction are perfected with feverish haste-behind the respective walls of secrecy. The H-bomb appears on the public horizon as a probably attainable（可达到的）goal.

If successful, radioactive（有辐射的）poisoning of the atmosphere and hence annihilation of any life on earth has been brought within the range of technical possibilities. The ghostlike character of this development lies in its apparently compulsory（强制性的）trend. Every step appears as the unavoidable consequence of the preceding one. In the end, it beckons more and more clearly general annihilation（灭绝）.

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爱因斯坦提出这种军备竞赛虽然是必要的但不可以过度，否则会造成难以想象的后果，甚至可以造成人类的灭绝。