Part 1 基础语法
第1章 一般现在时
一般现在时：描述现在或经常的性质、动作或状态的时态。
时态
在英语中，句子不仅有时间状语说明动作发生的时间，其谓语动词本身也有形式的变化来指示时间，这种表明谓语动词发生时间的动词形式被称为时态。
英语的时态有很强的表达力，既能使句子的意思明确、生动逼真，还能显示出细微的差异。
一般现在时的构成
一般现在时的用法
1. 表示客观真理、普遍存在或自然现象。
Lies have short legs. 谎言总是站不住脚的。
Plants breathe just as we do. 植物和我们一样呼吸。
To be loved is the happiest thing in the world. 被爱是世界上最幸福的事。
★ 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时，如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.
2. 表示习惯性或经常发生的动作和状态。
Our shop opens every day except on Sundays.
我们的商店除了星期天以外每天都开门。
Tom seldom lies，but to my surprise，he told me a big lie yesterday.
汤姆很少撒谎，但让我惊讶的是，他昨天对我撒了一个大谎。
★ 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often，sometimes，usually，always，every day，never，rarely，seldom，generally，once a week，on Sundays等。
3. 表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情，或要发生的动作。这种用法往往指严格按照时刻表进行或按照事先安排好的进行的事情。
Flight A253 departs at 14:45.
A253航班14:45分起飞。
The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
下班火车今天下午3点钟发出。
★仅限于某些表示“来，去，动，停，开始，结束，继续”等动词，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配。常用于飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
4. 用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，表示将来。
I will take care of your pets while you are away.
你不在时我会照看你的宠物。
I won't go there if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨，我就不去那里。
★ 本用法常见的时间和条件状语从句的引导词有：once，as soon as，so long as，if，on condition that，provided，providing，in case，unless，the moment，the day，the year，immediately，instantly，presently，directly等。
要点拓展
1. 表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态，主要用于Here comes…和There goes…结构中，表示说话者因看到或听到某种情况而感到喜悦、惊讶等所发出的叫喊声。
Look！Here flies a sparrow！瞧，飞来一只麻雀！
Here comes the bus！车来了！
How strongly the wind blows！风刮得真大！
2. 用于文章标题、剧本、图片说明或对故事的转述等。
Love Doesn't Ask Why （歌名）爱情不需要问为什么
Thousands of People Die in the Earthquake（新闻标题）数千人在地震中死亡
3. 用于叙述往事，使其生动。
Jack throws the ball to John and John catches it. He jumps and casts it into the basket. 杰克把球扔给约翰。约翰接过球，跳起来把球投进篮筐。
4. 代替现在完成时，主要用于say，see，hear，learn，tell，understand，find，remember，read，write等表示互通信息的少数动词。
I forget what his address is. 我忘记他的地址了。
I hear that you have read the new book. 我听说你读过那本新书了。
5. I/We hope/bet后的宾语从句常用一般现在时。
We hope that our children carry on our family traditions.
我们希望孩子能继承家族的传统。
I bet I get there before you. 我敢打赌我在你之前到达。
6. I don't care/mind，it doesn't matter后常用一般现在时。
I don't care what we have for dinner if I don't have to cook.
只要我不做饭，我们晚餐吃什么我都无所谓。
7. will用于条件句中往往表示“意愿”。
Be seated if you will. 如果你愿意，就请坐吧。
If he will have his own way，what shall we do?
如果他坚持一意孤行，我们该怎么办？
专项训练
1. Look at the timetable. Hurry up！Flight MU876__________off at 17:40.
A. takes
B. took
C. will take
D. has taken
答案：A 本题考查的是一般现在时表示按计划、规定发生的动作，因此用一般现在时。
2. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she__________.
A. will arrive
B. arrives
C. is going to arrive
D. is arriving
答案：B as soon as引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。
3. By the time Ron__________back to our rescue，most of us will have been washed away by the flood. We must take a quick measure to leave here as soon as possible.
A. come
B. comes
C. came
D. will come
答案：B by the time引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
4. The new Hukou policy，according to some experts，__________to attract more high-end talents to contribute to Shanghai's development.
A. serves
B. serving
C. to serve
D. is served
答案：A “根据一些专家分析，新的户口政策吸引更多高端人才为上海发展做贡献。”空格处填的是整句的谓语，为主动语态。
5. I__________the incident as if it were yesterday.
A. am still to remember
B. have still been remembering
C. am being still remembered
D. still remember
答案：D remember是表示互通信息的动词，用一般现在时代替完成时。
6. I__________swimming in the river and I always__________to swim when I can.
A. am liking；have gone
B. am being liked；am going
C. like；go
D. have liked；have been going
答案：C 表示经常反复发生的动作。
7. Elections__________every four years and Congress meets once a year.
A. are taken place
B. are to be taken place
C. took place
D. take place
答案：D 表示经常及有规律发生的动作。
8.__________careless，or you will make mistakes.
A. Be not
B. Not be
C. Don't
D. Don't be
答案：D 祈使句用动词原形，否定句前用Don't。
9. No one can prove that the earth__________not round.
A. is being
B. is to be
C. is
D. has been
答案：C 表示客观真理。
10. There she__________！We needn't wait any longer.
A. comes
B. has been come
C. has been coming
D. is to come
答案：A 一般现在时用于Here comes…和There goes…结构中表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
11. In some parts of the world，tea__________with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
答案：B 表示客观事实。
12. He will stop showing off，if no notice__________of him.
A. taken
B. is taken
C. will be taken
D. has taken
答案：B if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
13. — Sorry，Joe，I didn't mean to…
—Don't call me“Joe”. I'm Mr. Parker to you，and__________you forget it！
A. do
B. didn't
C. did
D. don't
答案：D 本句为命令式祈使句，所以用一般现在时。
14. — Can I join your club，Dad?
— You can when you__________a bit older.
A. get
B. will get
C. are getting
D. will have got
答案：A when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时。
15. Visitors__________not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request
B. request
C. are requesting
D. are requested
答案：D 表示普遍公认的信息。
16. — How__________feel to be back to school again after graduation for 20years?
— Exciting.
A. do you
B. does that
C. did you
D. does it
答案：A 表示现在的心理状态。
17. Mrs. Green wants to pay for that kind of cloth because the cloth__________very well.
A. washed
B. washes
C. is washed
D. was washed
答案：B 表示物质的属性。
18. I need one more stamp before my collection__________.
A. has completed
B. completes
C. has been completed
D. is completed
答案：D before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。
19. Every few years，the coal workers__________their lungs X-rayed to ensure
their health.
A. are having B. have
C. have had
D. had had
答案：B every few years表示经常反复发生的动作。
20. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea，which__________the Pacific，and we met no storms.
A. was called
B. is called
C. had been called
D. has been called
答案：B 尽管上下文都是一般过去时，但“太平洋”是个客观存在，故用一般现在时。