Point-to-point topology

Let's start with the most basic. A point-to-point topology is exactly what it sounds like. A single logical connection between two nodes on a network. This topology is how we would define a minimum complete network, which is to say, at least one connection between at least two nodes. It is the lowest cost in terms of implementation, and has the lowest impact on the engineering considerations for software meant to be deployed to such a network. Point-to-point networks can maintain a dedicated connection between the two relevant nodes, or establish that connection dynamically as needed. Any direct peer-to-peer communication is an instance of a point-to-point network on your system, even if that peer-to-peer connection is established over a more complicated logical network topology, the communication session itself is an instance of a logical point-to-point topology.

While the cost of a point-to-point connection might be exceptionally low, the benefits you can possibly reap from those costs are also extremely low. The kinds of problems solved by a point-to-point network design are limited in scope, and are usually specific to an immediate problem.