Unit 2 代词

专题一 代词的定义和分类

一、代词的定义

代词是用来代替名词或相当于名词的词。它的主要作用是在句子中避免重复。因此，代词在使用时必须和它所代替的词在人称、数、性、格上保持一致。

二、代词的分类

1．人称代词。2.物主代词。3.指示代词。4.反身代词。5.不定代词。6.疑问代词。7.相互代词。8.关系代词（九年级定语从句中运用）。

三、各类代词列表

1．人称代词列表如下（有人称、数和格的变化）。

2．物主代词列表如下（有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种）。

3．指示代词的用法。

英语中用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等概念的代词称为指示代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those，such，same等。

4．反身代词列表如下（反过来称某人自己。第一、第二人称用形容词性物主代词加self/selves；第三人称用宾格形式加self或selves）。

5．相互代词（用来表示相互关系的代词）只有each other和one another两个。

6．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。常见的有who，whom，whose，what，which。who常作主语和表语，whom作宾语，whose，what，which可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。疑问代词还可用来引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，所以它们又可称为连接代词。疑问代词有格的变化，还有指人和指物的区别。

7．不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

（1）简单不定代词。

some一些（指代可数或不可数）any一些，任何（指代可数或不可数）no无

both两个 either两者任一个 neither两者都不

all全都（三者以上）none全不（三者以上）each每个

every每个 other（s）另一个（些）one（s）一个（些）

much很多（指代不可数）many很多（指代可数）few很少（指代可数）

a few一些，几个（指代可数）little很少（指代不可数）a little一些（指代不可数）

another另一个，又一个

（2）复合不定代词。

everybody每人 everyone每人 everything每一个事物，一切

somebody某人 someone某人 something某物，某事

anybody任何人 anyone任何人 anything任何事物

nobody无人 no one无一人 nothing无物

基础训练

一、用所给汉语提示完成英语句子。

1．They want__________（我们）to help__________（他们）.

2．This book is not__________（我的）. I think it's（他的）.

3．When__________（她）arrived，we gave__________（她）a warm welcome.

4．__________（我的）father goes to work by bus every day.

5．__________（他）often helps__________（我们）with__________（我们的）lessons.

6．—Is this watch__________（你的）？

—No，it isn't__________（我的）. It's__________（她的）.

7．I taught__________（我自己）English when I was young.

8．—Who are__________（他们）？

—__________（他们）are__________（我们的）new classmates.

二、从括号中选择正确的代词填空。

1．I don't think money is__________(everything, anything).

2．__________(Neither, Both) of the sisters has been to Hawaii.

3．In the middle school, we study Chinese, English, math, physics and__________(the others, other)subjects.

4．Don't worry. There is__________(little, a little)time left.

5．This box is much bigger than that__________(one, ones).

6．I don't like this skirt. Please show me__________(another, other).

7．—__________(Which, Whose) mobile phone was left at the job?

—Oh, I think it might be Jack's.

8．We should learn from__________(each other, each other's) advantages.

9．There's__________(nothing, anything) wrong with you, but I'm afraid you're eating too__________(much, many).

10．Which of__________(these, this, that) shirts are Lily's?

专题二 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词的句法功能

一、人称代词用法

1．主格代词常作主语。

eg. He/She/It/Tom likes music.他/她/它/汤姆喜欢音乐。

We/You/They enjoy eating Chinese food.我们/你们/他们喜欢吃中餐。

2．宾格代词常作动词或介词的宾语。

eg. I often go to see her on Sundays.我经常星期天去看望她。

It's a waste of your time talking to him.跟他谈话是白费时间。

3．作表语时用主格、宾格代词皆可。

eg. —Who broke the vase？谁打碎了花瓶？—It's I/me.是我。

4．than/as后是用主格代词，还是宾格代词，应依据than/as的词性而定。当其为介词时，其后用宾格；当其为连词时，其后接主格。

eg. She reads faster than I.她读得比我快。

I am a good student as him.我和他一样是个好学生。

5．有时在叙述故事时常把动物人格化，可爱美丽的动物用she表示，凶猛的动物用he/it表示，祖国、大地、月亮等常用代词she。

eg. The elephant is proud of himself because he has a big strong body.

大象很骄傲，因为他身躯硕大而强壮。

China is my motherland. She is getting more and more powerful.

我们的祖国是中国，她正变得越来越强大。

6．人称代词的排序。

几个人称代词同时作主语时，排列顺序一般为：you and I；you and he/she；you，he/she and I；we and you；we and they；we，you and they。

eg. You， he and I enjoy eating vegetables.你、我、他都喜欢吃蔬菜。

代词排序口诀：单数并列231，复数并列123，若把错误责任担，第一人称最当先。时时注意比身份，人物总在动物前。单数男女同时到，男士反而要优先。

二、物主代词用法

1．形容词性物主代词的功能。

（1）形容词性物主代词具有形容词特征，修饰名词作定语。

eg. Judy cut her finger.朱迪划破了她的手指。

I love my cat and she likes her dog.我喜欢我的猫而她喜欢她的狗。

（2）形容词性物主代词与own连用时表示强调。

eg. I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看见的。

2．名词性物主代词的功能。

名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）。它还可以构成“a/an/this/that/some/no+名词+of+名词性物主代词”结构，“of+名词性物主代词”作后置定语。

eg. Ours is the best team in the league.我们队在联赛中是最好的队。（S）

This umbrella is yours and that one is hers.这把伞是你的，那把是她的。（P）

I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。（O）

This painting of his is well painted.他的这幅画画得很好。（与of连用）

物主代词用法口诀：形容代词后跟名，名物代词单独行。

三、指示代词用法

1．this，that，these，those可在句中作主语（S）、宾语（O）、定语（Att）或表语（P）。

eg. This is my soft toy. That's hers.这是我的布绒玩具，那是她的。（S）

Those are her dresses.那些是她的连衣裙。（S）

We should always keep this in mind.我们应该永远记住这点。（O）

We must get to know these trick of theirs.我们必须了解他们的这些把戏。（Att）

What I want is this/that.我想要的就是这个/那个。（P）

2．such表示“如此的，如此的事物”，具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可用作主语（S）、定语（Att）、表语（P）、宾语（O）等。

eg. Such is life.生活就是这样。（S）

Such milk tastes delicious.这样的牛奶尝起来可口。（Att）

The strange animals were such as I never saw before.这样奇怪的动物我以前从未见过。（P）

If you act like a child，you'll be treated as such.要是你这样孩子气，人家就把你当孩子看待了。（O）

3．same之前常加定冠词the，它具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）、定语（Att）等。

eg. The same happened to me.我也遇到了同样的情况。（S）

She went to camp and I did the same.她去野营，我也去了。（O）

Her handwriting and his are the same.她的书写与他的一样。（P）

My brothers are doing the same work now.我哥哥们现在做着同样的工作。（Att）

四、反身代词用法

1．反身代词作动词或介词的宾语（O）。

eg. Please help yourself to some chicken！请随便吃点鸡肉吧！（动词的宾语）

My little brother can look after himself.我小弟弟能够照看自己了。（介词的宾语）

2．反身代词作表语（P）。

eg. The girl on the right in the photo is myself.照片中右边那个女孩是我本人。（P）

3．反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语（App）。

eg. Nobody taught him English. He learnt it himself.没有人教他英语，他自学的。（主语App）

You'd better ask Mary herself.你最好问问玛丽本人。（宾语App）

4．习惯短语

of oneself独自（all）by oneself（=alone=on one's own）独自地

for oneself替自己，为自己 amuse oneself自娱自乐 call oneself自称

help oneself（to）随便用（吃）enjoy oneself玩得开心 teach oneself自学

speak to oneself自言自语 devote oneself to献身于 lose oneself（=lose one's way）迷路

make oneself understood使别人懂自己 seat oneself（=sit down=be seated）坐下

反身代词用法口诀：反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾表同，主语定语不能用，固定搭配记心中。

五、相互代词用法

相互代词作宾语（O）和定语（Att）。

eg. They look at each other.他们彼此看着对方。（O）

They wear each other's clothes.他们穿着彼此的衣服。（Att）

基础训练

一、根据汉语提示填空。

1．This doesn't look like__________（我的）scarf.__________（我的）is light green.

2．__________（她）is very honest.__________（我们）may choose__________（她）as monitor. I believe__________（她）is also ready to help__________（别人）.

3．__________（你们的）university is very large.__________（他们的）is much larger than__________（你们的）.

4．Jim is a close friend of__________（我们的）.

5．The fish are for the cute cat. Now__________（它）is enjoying__________（它的）fish.

6．The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as__________（那）in Beijing.

7．__________（这样）little animals can't eat（这么）much feed（饲料）.

8．Monitor can get good grades. You can also do the__________（同样）.

9．Then she lost__________（她自己）in the beautiful music.

10．Many people devoted__________（他们自己）to constructing（建设）their motherland.

二、单项选择

1．—What do you think of__________Chinese teacher, Jim?

—She's an excellent teacher. I've improved a lot since she taught__________Chinese.

A. our; us

B. our; our

C. ours; us

D. ours; our

2．—Hi, Sara! Is this__________English book?

—No.__________is on the desk.

A. your; mine

B. your; my

C. yours; mine

D. yours; my

3．—Bad luck! I lost__________new pen yesterday.

—Don't worry. I'll lend__________to you.

A. my; me

B. mine; my

C. mine; mine

D. my; mine

4．—Did you enjoy__________in Chengdu last week?

—Yes, I had great fun there.

A. myself

B. yourself

C. ourselves

D. themselves

5．I have a bad cold.__________is why I didn't go to school.

A. This

B. That

C. These

D. It

6．The weather in Qiqihar is colder than__________in Shanghai.

A. those

B. it

C. that

D. these

7．—Uncle John is too busy to help us.

—Never mind. Let's do it__________.

A. himself

B. myself

C. ourselves

D. itself

8．Animals do not“talk” with words. They use smells，sounds and movements to communicate（交流）with__________.

A. any other

B. another

C. one another

D. the other

9．Children can usually dress__________by the age of five.

A. themselves

B. them

C. oneself

D. ones

专题三 疑问代词和不定代词的句法功能

一、疑问代词的用法

1．who，whom的用法：who只能指人，常作主语和表语。whom指人，常作宾语。who可代替whom，但在介词后只用whom。

eg. Who has gone shopping？谁已经去购物了？（S，不可用whom）

Who/Whom did you ask about it？关于那件事你问过谁了？（O）

With whom would you like to go？你想和谁一起去？（O，不可用who）

2．whose的用法：whose具有名词和形容词的性质，可作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）或定语（Att）。

eg. Whose is better？谁的更好？（S）

Whose are you going to borrow？你打算借谁的？（O）

Whose are these text books？这些课本是谁的？（P）

Whose sister will be an actress？谁的姐姐将成为一名演员？（Att）

3．what与which的用法。

what表示“什么（人或物）”，而which表示“在一定范围内的哪一个（哪一些）人或物”，它们在句中都可作主语（S）、宾语（O）、表语（P）或定语（Att）。

eg. What is happening now？正在发生什么事？（S）

Which sport do you like best？你最喜欢哪一项运动？（Att）

二、不定代词的句法功能

1．no one，nobody与none的用法

（1）no one相当于nobody，不与of搭配，为泛指，一般只代指人，谓语只用第三人称单数形式。

eg. No one/Nobody knows how she died.没人知道她是怎么死的。

（2）none可与of搭配，为特指，既可代指人，也可代指物，谓语既可用第三人称单数形式，也可用复数形式。

eg. None of us is/are going there.我们没有人要去那儿。

但none代指不可数名词时，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。

eg. None of the money is mine.这些钱都不是我的。

（3）who提问时，用no one/nobody作否定回答；what提问时，用nothing作答；which/how much/how many提问时，用none作答。

eg. —What's in the bag？包里是什么？—Nothing.没有什么。

—Who do you see on the playground？在操场上你见到谁了？—No one/Nobody.没人。

—How many students are on the playground？多少学生在操场上？—None.没人。

2．either和neither的用法

either表示“（两者之中的）任何一个……”；neither表示“两者都不……”，它们既可指人，也可指物，在句中作主语（S）、宾语（O）或定语（Att）。

（1）either/neither单独使用。

eg. —Which do you prefer，juice or cola？你要果汁还是可乐？—Either will do./Neither.随便哪样都行/两个都不要。

（2）either与neither单独作主语时，谓语须用第三人称单数形式，但是与of搭配作主语时，谓语常用第三人称单数形式（现代英语中也可用复数）。

eg. Neither of them is/are from England.他们俩都不是来自英国。

Either of the roads leads to the airport.这两条路任一条都通往机场。

（3）either和neither作定语时直接修饰可数名词单数。

eg. Either way will do.两个办法任一都行。

Neither brother has been to the Great Wall.兄弟俩都不曾去过长城。

（4）not... either相当于neither。

eg. I don't like either of them.=I like neither of them.我两个都不喜欢。

基础训练

一、从括号内选择适当的词填空。

1．__________(What, Which) do you like best, rice, noodles or dumplings?

2．__________(Who, Whom) went to Beijing with Li Yi?

3．With__________(Who, Whom) was Mr Li communicating at this time yesterday?

4．—Is there__________wrong with your bike?

—Yes. There is__________wrong with it. (something, anything)

5．__________(None, All) of us is afraid of difficulties.

6．Do you mind if I ask you__________(few, a few)questions?

7．There're many trees on__________(both, either)side of the street in Beijing.

8．Would you like__________(some, any) tea or coffee?

二、单项选择

1．—I can't find the magazine I bought this morning.

—Well, Jack is reading__________over there. Why not go and see if it is yours?

A. it

B. that

C. one

D. some

2．—How is Lily in the new school?

—She is doing very well. There is__________to worry about.

A. nothing

B. something

C. anything

3．I invited twelve girls to my birthday party, but__________m came.

A. no one

B. none

C. nobody

D. neither

4．—Can I come today or tomorrow?

—__________is OK. I'm busy today and tomorrow.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Each

D. None

能力训练

一、用括号内的汉语提示完成句子。

1．Jane is as tall as_______（她）father.

2．—Helen, is this your uniform?

—Oh，no，it's not_______（我的）._______（我的）is here on the chair.

3．Tom invited_______（我们）to dinner this evening.

4．_______（我们）students should learn to protect（保护）_______（自己）.

5．I tried on two dresses，but_______（都不）fits me.

6．I was only five minutes late，but they_______（都）left.

二、单项选择

1．—There're four bedrooms in the house, _______with its own shower.

—That's what I want. I've got a few kids.

A. either

B. neither

C. each

D. none

2．—Do you know who taught_______French?

—Nobody, he learned it by_______.

A. his; himself

B. him; him

C. him; himself

D. his; him

3．—Hi! Do you know Tom is_______cousin?

—Yes, and I'm a friend of_______. Nice to meet you!

A. mine; him

B. my; his

C. mine; his

D. my; him

4．—The frozen（冷冻的）yogurt tastes like ice cream but has_______of the fat（脂肪）.

—It suits me fine. I'm on a diet.

A. none

B. neither

C. any

D. some

5．I don't think we've met before. You're taking me for_______.

A. some other

B. someone else

C. other person

D. else someone

6．_______of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.

A. All

B. Every

C. Everyone

D. Each

7．You can keep one of the old photos, _______of

them.

A. neither

B. both

C. either

实战训练

一、用方框中的不定代词填空，完成句子。

1．_______of the brothers has been to Hawaii, so they know nothing about it.

2．I have many books. But_______of them is about the computer.

3．The young man never feels tired. He can do_______work on the farm.

4．How_______friends do you have in your new school?

5．Helen is not good at Japanese, but she can speak_______Japanese.

6．I have_______money left. So I can't afford this meal.

7．Students go to school_______day except holidays.

8．These dresses cost50_______.

二、用括号中代词的适当形式填空，完成句子。

1．My brother is five years. Look! He is dressing_______(he).

2．Our teacher is very pleased because_______(somebody) failed the examination.

3．—Are Roye and Rose_______(you) good friends? —Yes, they are. Would you please look after_______(they)?

4．With_______(whose) do you want to go to the museum this Sunday?

5．The flowers inside are more beautiful than_______(that) outside?

6．—May I use your mobile phone, Jack?

—Of course, please help_______(you).

7．Think for_______(you), and you'll get the right answer.

8．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in_______(other), people use knives and forks.

三、单项选择

1．Old Mr Black lives happily with his three dogs._______of them are part of his family.

A. Both

B. All

C. None

D. Neither

2．—Sir, _______called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.

—OK. Thanks, Nancy.

A. someone

B. nobody

C. anyone

D. everyone

3．—Would you like_______to eat?

—Yes, please.

A. anything delicious

B. delicious anything

C. something delicious

4．—Is this iPad yours?

—Yes. My parents bought_______for my language learning.

A. one

B. it

C. other

D. another

5．Chinese people find_______our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road（一带一路）.

A. it

B. this

C. that

D. these