Secret Sharks
神秘的鲨鱼 I-11 / 011

Most people think of sharks as the ones they see in the movies. These“movie stars” are usually the great white sharks. However, the great whites are just one of about 350 kinds of sharks. There are some sharks that have never been seen alive. They live deep in the ocean. They are like the sharks that lived 300 million years ago.

One example is the goblin shark. It lives hundreds of feet under the sea. Scientists do not believe that it could live if it came to the ocean surface. People in Japan have built a small submarine to learn more about goblin sharks.

Another unusual shark is the megamouth shark. Mega means large and strong. One megamouth shark that scientists have seen was 15 feet long. Its mouth was 4 feet long.

Scientists are trying to learn more about other unusual sharks. One is the frilled shark. This creature has a body like an eel. It has frills on its neck. Scientists want to know what the frilled shark eats. They think it may eat squid.

There are many interesting kinds of small sharks, too. The cookiecutter shark is only 16 inches long, but it has very large teeth. This shark also has strong lips. It holds a larger fish with its lips while it scoops out big bites.

Many small sharks hunt together. In this way they can kill fish much larger than themselves. One kind of shark that does this is the cigar shark. You can probably guess how this shark got its name. It is the size and shape of a cigar. It is even small enough for you to hold in your hand.

Words and Phrases

white shark 大白鲨

goblin shark 剑吻鲨

submarine [ˌsʌbməˈri:n] 名 潜水艇

megamouth shark 巨口鲨

mega [ˈmeɡə] 形 许多；宏大的

eel [i:l] 名 鳗鱼；鳝鱼

frill [frɪl] 名（衣服的）褶边

frilled shark 皱鳃鲨

squid [skwɪd] 名 乌贼；鱿鱼

cookiecutter shark 雪茄达摩鲨

lip [lɪp] 名 嘴唇

scoop out 舀出；挖出

cigar shark 雪茄鲨

Practice

1. The sharks usually seen in the movies are _________.

A. gray sharks

B. goblin sharks

C. megamouth sharks

D. great white sharks

2. The goblin shark will be studied by using a________.

A. submarine

B. telescope

C. library

D. museum

3. Scientists are studying________.

A. large sharks

B. unkind sharks

C. unusual sharks

D. common sharks

4. The cookiecutter shark is________.

A. little

B. huge

C. tasty

D. fishy

5. One shark that hunts in group is the_________.

A. goblin shark

B. cigar shark

C. frilled shark

D. ghost shark

译文

神秘的鲨鱼

大多数人认为鲨鱼就像是他们在电影中看到的那种。这些“电影明星”通常是大白鲨。然而，大白鲨只是近350种鲨鱼中的一种。有些鲨鱼我们根本看不到，它们生活在深海。它们就像三亿年前活着的鲨鱼那样。

其中一种是剑吻鲨。它们生活在几百英尺以下的深海里。科学家们认为这类的鲨鱼如果游到海面反倒活不了。日本的人们为了能更深入研究剑吻鲨而打造了一种小型的潜水艇。

巨口鲨则是另一种罕见的鲨鱼。在英语里mega的意思是“巨大的、强壮的”。科学家们曾经见过一条长15英尺（约4.57米）的巨口鲨，光是嘴部就有4英尺（约1.22米）长。

科学家们试着想多了解其他罕见的鲨鱼。皱鳃鲨就是其中一种。这种鲨鱼身形像鳗鱼，脖子上有皱褶。科学家们想知道它吃什么，并且猜测它可能吃乌贼。

也有许多有趣的小型鲨鱼。雪茄达摩鲨虽然只有16英寸（40.64厘米）长，却有着非常巨大的牙齿。这种鲨鱼同样有着强有力的嘴唇，这能让它咬住比它体型更大的鱼，同时大口取食鱼肉。

许多小型鲨鱼集体猎食。这种捕食方式让它们能猎到比自己体型大很多的鱼类。雪茄鲨就是这类鲨鱼中的一种。你或许能猜出它名字的由来。它们的大小和形状就像雪茄，甚至小到可以让你放在手上。

练习

1．电影中常见的鲨鱼是________。

A．灰鲨

B．剑吻鲨

C．巨口鲨

D．大白鲨

2．人们将用________来研究剑吻鲨。

A．潜水艇

B．望远镜

C．图书馆

D．博物馆

3．科学家们正在研究________。

A．大型鲨鱼

B．凶猛的鲨鱼

C．罕见的鲨鱼

D．普通鲨鱼

4．达摩鲨________。

A．体型很小

B．体型巨大

C．很美味

D．鱼腥味的

5．集体猎食的鲨鱼是________。

A．剑吻鲨

B．雪茄鲨

C．皱鳃鲨

D．鬼鲨