A
001 afford to do sth 有能力做某事
A-F
重点解析 ▲ afford to do sth多指经济方面有能力做某事，它的否定形式一般是在afford前面加can't或couldn't。另外，afford是及物动词，后面可以直接跟宾语，表示“买得起；提供”。
情景对话
Bob: Honey, I can't afford to buy a house now.
Mary: I don't care.
鲍勃：亲爱的，我现在买不起房子。
玛丽：我不在乎。
触类旁通
afford sb sth/afford sth to sb 给某人提供某物 afford no explanation 没有提供说明
can't afford to do sth 没有能力做某事
例句再现
I can't afford to buy a car now. 我现在买不起小汽车。
The woman couldn't afford to hire a servant. 那个女人雇不起佣人。
My mother can't afford to keep me at school. 妈妈无力供我读书。
No one can afford the loan. 没人能偿还这笔贷款。
It's unbelievable that he can't afford beef. 他竟然买不起牛肉，真是难以置信。
002 apologize for sth 为某事道歉
重点解析 ▲ apologize for表示“为……道歉”，for是介词，后面跟名词、名词词组或V-ing形式。
情景对话
John: I apologize for not telling you the truth.
Kate: It doesn't matter.
约翰：我向你道歉，因为我没有告诉你真相。
凯特：没关系。
触类旁通
apologize for doing sth 为做了某事而道歉 apologize to sb for... 为……向某人道歉
例句再现
I apologize for what I said. 我为自己说过的话道歉。
At last, he apologized for telling a lie. 最后，他为自己说谎而道歉。
He apologized for not arriving there on time. 他为自己没有按时到达那里而道歉。
John apologized to his wife for forgetting to buy her a present.
约翰为自己忘了给妻子买礼物而道歉。
003 apologize to sb 向某人道歉
重点解析 ▲ apologize作不及物动词时，常与介词to连用，构成词组apologize to sb，表示“向某人道歉”；sb如果是人称代词，就必须用宾格形式。
情景对话
Henry: Did you apologize to the man?
Tom: No. I don't think it's my fault.
亨利：你给那个男人道歉了吗？
汤姆：没有。我认为那不是我的过错。
触类旁通
make an apology to 给……道歉
accept one's (sincere) apologies 接受某人（诚挚的）道歉
例句再现
You must apologize to your mum. 你必须跟你妈妈道歉。
You'd better apologize to your boyfriend. 你最好跟你男朋友道歉。
I forgot to apologize to the man. 我忘了给那个人道歉了。
I advise you to make an apology to the headmaster. 我建议你给校长道歉。
I will never accept his apologies. 我决不会接受他的道歉。
004 ask for... 拜托……；要求……
重点解析 ▲ ask for...中的for是介词，后面跟名词、代词或者名词词组。for后面可以接sth，表示“需要……”；也可以接sb，表示“想和某人交谈”。
情景对话
Rose: The workers asked for extra pay.
Joe: Really?
罗丝：工人们要求额外的报酬。
乔：真的吗？
触类旁通
ask sb for... 向某人要求…… ask for advice 寻求意见
ask for a raise 要求涨工资 You asked for it. 是你咎由自取。
例句再现
Excuse me, I'd like to ask for your manager. 打扰一下，我想见你们的经理。
I have to ask for her permission if I want to go out. 我想外出的话，必须得到她的允许。
All the colleagues in the office asked for a raise. 办公室里所有的同事都要求加薪。
Maybe you can ask the boss for the money. 或许你可以向老板要那笔钱。
005 ask oneself 自问
重点解析 ▲ oneself是反身代词，ask oneself后面可以接从句，也可以接疑问不定式。
情景对话
Tom: My girlfriend wants to leave me.
Mary: Did you ever ask yourself the reason?
汤姆：我女朋友要和我分手。
玛丽：你有没有问过自己，是什么原因？
触类旁通
ask oneself if... 问自己是否…… ask oneself why... 问自己为什么……
ask oneself how to do sth 问自己如何做某事
例句再现
I asked myself who I can believe in. 我问自己可以相信谁。
You'd better ask yourself how to solve the problem. 你最好问问自己，该怎么解决这个问题。
He asked himself if he should give up. 他问自己，是否该放弃。
You should ask yourself why you did that. 你应该问问自己为什么要那么做。
006 ask sb a question 问某人一个问题
重点解析 ▲ ask sb a question在谈话中通常起铺垫作用，用以引出具体的问题。如果要针对某方面提问，通常要用ask sb a question about...来表达。
情景对话
Robert: May I ask you a question?
Betty: Sorry. I am busy now.
罗伯特：我能问你个问题吗？
贝蒂：对不起，我现在很忙。
触类旁通
ask sb a few questions 问某人几个问题
ask sb a couple of questions 问某人几个问题 ask sb some questions 问某人一些问题
例句再现
The girl wants to ask you a question. 这个女孩想问你一个问题。
Do you mind my asking you a few questions ?你介意我问你几个问题吗？
Allow me to ask the entrepreneur a couple of questions. 请允许我向这位企业家问几个问题。
May I ask you a question about your private life ?能问你一个关于私生活方面的问题吗？
007 ask sb about... 向某人询问……，向某人打听……
重点解析 ▲ ask sb about...表示向某人详细询问某件事或某种情况，其中about是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或名词词组。
情景对话
Jane: I hear that your girlfriend split up with you last week. What happened?
Sam: Don't ask me about that.
简：我听说你女朋友上周跟你分手了，出什么事了？
萨姆：别问我这个了。
触类旁通
ask sb about that 询问某人那件事
Don't ask me about... 不要问我关于……的事情。
例句再现
I have something to ask you about the salary. 我想问问你薪水的事。
He wants to ask you about your hometown. 他想问问你家乡的事。
Hey, don't ask me about the singer again. 嘿，不要再问我那个歌手的事了。
I am going to ask her about the show. 我打算问问她演出的事。
I'd like to ask you about the accident. 我想问问你此次事故的事。
008 ask sb for a favor 请求某人的帮助
重点解析 ▲ ask sb for a favor中的favor也可以写作favour。如果要表示“帮某人的忙”，可以用do sb a favor。
情景对话
Jack: May I ask you for a favor?
Cathy: Sure.
杰克：我能请你帮个忙吗？
凯西：当然可以。
触类旁通
ask sb for help 请求某人的帮助
ask sb for a dance 请某人跳舞
例句再现
May I ask you for help ?我能请你帮个忙吗？
I am coming to ask you for a dance. 我来请你跳舞。
She called to ask me for help. 她打电话请我帮忙。
Can I ask you for a favor ?你能帮我个忙吗？
009 ask sb if/how 询问某人是否∕怎样
重点解析 ▲ ask sb后可以接if或者how引导的从句，sb是ask的宾语，以代词形式出现时，应该用其宾格形式。
情景对话
Jack: Feel free to ask me if you have any questions.
Lucy: OK. Thanks.
杰克：如果你有问题的话，可以随时问我。
露西：好的，谢谢。
触类旁通
ask sb how to... 问某人怎样…… ask sb whether... 问某人是否……
ask sb who... 问某人谁…… ask sb why... 问某人为什么……
例句再现
He asked me if I could lend him 100 US dollars. 他问我能否借给他100美元。
Mr. Green asked me how to send an e-mail. 格林先生问我如何发电子邮件。
The manager asked me whether the girl is good at English. 经理问我那个女孩子是否擅长英语。
The boy asked me why his parents abandoned him. 男孩问我，为什么他的父母要遗弃他。
I asked the police who the thief was, but they didn't answer.
我问警察那个小偷是谁，但他们没有回答。
010 ask sb out 约某人出去，和某人约会
重点解析 ▲ ask sb out的本义是“约某人出去”，延伸为“和某人约会”，其中的out是副词。
情景对话
Kate: Why are you so excited today?
Ben: I asked Alice out for dinner and she said yes.
凯特：你今天为什么这么兴奋？
本：我约了爱丽丝吃晚饭，她同意了。
触类旁通
ask sb out for 邀请某人去…… ask sb out to... 邀请某人去做……
ask sb out on a date 约某人出去 ask sb in 请某人进来
例句再现
Finally, he plucked up courage to ask her out. 他最终鼓起勇气约了她。
I am going to ask her out for dinner tonight. 我打算今天晚上约她出去吃晚饭。
May I ask you out this weekend ?这周末我可以约你吗？
011 ask sb sth 询问某人某事
重点解析 ▲ ask后面可以跟双宾语结构，其中的sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语。
情景对话
Bob: Excuse me. Can I ask you something about the contract ?
Kate: Sure. Go ahead.
鲍勃：打扰一下，我能问你一些关于合同的问题吗？
凯特：当然，说吧。
触类旁通
ask me anything you want 有什么想问的尽管问我
ask sb sth about... 就……询问某人 Don't ask me why. 别问我为什么。
例句再现
Are you calling to ask me that? 你打电话来就是要问我那件事吗？
Is the boss in ?I have to ask him something now. 老板在吗？我现在得问他点事情。
It seems that he is going to ask you something. 他似乎要问你一些事情。
I'd like to ask you something, sir. 我想问你点事情，先生。
012 ask sb to do sth 请求某人做某事
重点解析 ▲ ask sb to do sth是很常用的结构，其中to do sth是动词不定式。其否定形式是在to前面直接加not。
情景对话
Lily: I asked her to take care of my baby when I was out.
Jim: Did she say yes?
莉莉：我请她在我外出的时候照看孩子。
吉姆：她答应了吗？
触类旁通
I'm not asking you to... 我不是在求你……
have to ask sb to do sth 不得不请求某人做某事
例句再现
He asked me not to dismiss his son. 他请求我不要开除他的儿子。
I asked him to sign his name on my coat. 我请他在我的外套上签名。
If that, I will ask you to leave. 如果那样的话，我得请你离开了。
May I ask you to come to my birthday party ?我能邀请你参加我的生日派对吗？
I am not asking you to help him. 我不是在求你帮他。