14 Andrew Carnegie
安德鲁·卡耐基，名利双收的超级慈善家

名人标签

01 Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish American industrialist who led the enormous（巨大的）expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

安德鲁·卡耐基是一位19世纪晚期的美国实业家，他引领了美国钢铁工业的快速扩张。

02 His life has often been referred to as（被称为……）a true “rags to riches” story.

他的人生常常被人们描述成一个真正的“白手起家”的创业故事。

了解他/她多少

Personal life

Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland. He was named after his legal grandfather. His father decided to move with his family to Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in the United States in 1848 for the prospect（前途）of a better life.

Carnegie's first job at age 13 in 1848 was as a bobbin boy, changing spools of thread in a cotton mill 12 hours a day, 6 days a week in a Pittsburgh cotton factory. In 1850, Carnegie became a telegraph（电报）messenger boy in the Pittsburgh Office of the Ohio Telegraph Company, at $2.50 per week.

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他本是一个贫穷的苏格兰移民，出身于匹兹堡的贫民窟。父母虽穷，却为人正直，始终充满着积极进取的精神。这是一个继承了自豪、自立、自尊的光荣传统的家族。为了给父母分忧，卡耐基进了一家纺织厂当童工。当然，他并不甘心如此潦倒一生，而是奋发图强，积极进取。年仅14岁的他成为匹兹堡市的大卫电报公司的一个送电报的信差。

Career

At age 18, the precocious youth began a rapid advance through the company, becoming the superintendent（主管）of the Pittsburgh Division. His employment by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company would be vital to his later success. Before the Civil War, Carnegie arranged a merger between Woodruff's company and that of George Pullman, the inventor of a sleeping car for first class travel which facilitated（促进）business travel at distances over 500 miles (800 km). The investment proved a great success.

In 1864, Carnegie invested $40,000 in Story Farm on Oil Creek in Venango County, Pennsylvania. In one year, the farm yielded over $1,000,000 in cash dividends, and petroleum from oil wells on the property sold profitably（有益地）. Carnegie worked with others in establishing a steel rolling mill and steel production and control of industry became the source of his fortune. Carnegie had some investments in the iron industry before the war. Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry, controlling the most extensive integrated（完整的）iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the United States.

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1853年，已是18岁的大小伙子的卡耐基被宾夕法尼亚州铁路公司西部管区主任看中，他怀着强烈的上进心走进了这个更为广阔的世界。与此同时，卡耐基也抓住时机，初试牛刀，参与投资，而且频频得手。慢慢积累的资产，为他以后开办钢铁企业奠定了一定的经济基础。

卡耐基深知传统钢铁企业的这些弊病，他决心建立一个面目全新的、囊括整个生产过程的供、产、销一体化的现代钢铁公司。到1873年底，他终于与人合伙创办了卡耐基一麦坎德里斯钢铁公司。在随后的20多年间，卡耐基使自己的财富增加了几十倍。

Philanthropist（慈善家）

Carnegie spent his last years as a philanthropist. From 1901 forward, public attention was turned from the shrewd business acumen（商业头脑）which had enabled Carnegie to accumulate such a fortune, to the public-spirited way in which he devoted himself to utilizing（利用）it on philanthropic projects.

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卡耐基之所以受到世人的尊敬，不仅是因为他是一位成功的企业家，更重要的是因为他在事业成功之后，毫不犹豫地将赚得的巨额财富几乎全部捐献给了社会公益事业。他的后半生主要致力于慈善事业与世界和平。

妙语连珠

The concerns which fail are those who have scattered（分散）their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here, there and everywhere.“Don't put all your eggs in one basket” is all wrong.

I tell you “put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket”. Look round you and take notice; men who do that do not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets, that breaks most eggs in this country.

He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble（摔倒）and trip him up. One fault of the American businessman is lack of（缺乏）concentration.

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世界钢铁大王安德鲁·卡耐基，虽然出生于贫民窟，最终却成为了美国最有权势的人之一。这都是他通过奋斗所得，他没有因为出身贫穷而自卑，也没有因为后来的富可敌国而自负。为什么成功人士的人格魅力如此之强？原因是他们都是在克服困境中逐渐成长起来的，而绝非是只靠幸运便能闯下一片天地。贫穷并不可怕，可怕的是失去追求梦想的野心和动力。