09 Nikola Tesla
尼古拉·特斯拉，鲜为人知的旷世奇才

名人标签

01 He was best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating（交替的）current (AC)electricity supply system.

他最大的贡献是设计了现代交流电(AC)的电力供应系统。

02 Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal（原型的）“mad scientist”.

特斯拉被人熟知是由于他的成就和他不同寻常的论调。因举止怪异，特斯拉被普遍认为是“疯狂科学家”的原型。

了解他/她多少

Personal life

Nikola Tesla was born in Austrian Empire, and he credited his eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics（遗传）and influence. In 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Austria. At the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to（沉迷于）gambling. Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school. At his age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen（归化公民）of the United States.

In 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work at a telegraph company. During his employment, Tesla made many improvements to the Central Station equipment and claimed to have perfected a telephone repeater or amplifier（扩音器）, which was never patented nor publicly described.

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这位塞尔维亚裔美籍发明家、物理学家、机械工程师、电机工程师和未来学家，为人类历史留下了不可磨灭的贡献。他被认为是电力商业化的重要推动者，并因主要设计了现代交流电力系统而最为人知。在1875年特斯拉曾在格拉茨科技大学修读电机工程，但是却未获得任何学位。特斯拉热衷于阅读各种书籍，他能像照相机一般，记下整本书。他能够详细地试验并制造曾经在他脑海中闪过的那些灵感。这是一项如今被称为视觉思维的技能。

Career

In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment. In June 1884, he relocated（迁移）to New York City where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work for his Edison Machine Works. Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators.

After leaving Edison's company, Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, and they agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. In late 1886, Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck set up a laboratory for Tesla where he worked on improving and developing new types of electric motors, generators and other devices.

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在1882年他去了法国巴黎，在爱迪生公司做一名工程师，设计改进电器。同年特斯拉发明了感应马达并开始开发各种用到旋转磁场的设备。1884年，特斯拉第一次踏上美国国土，爱迪生雇用了特斯拉，安排他在爱迪生机械公司工作。特斯拉完全负责了爱迪生公司直流电机的重新设计。在1886年，特斯拉创建了自己的公司——特斯拉电灯与电气制造公司。在1887年，他组装了最早的无电刷交流电感应马达，之后他发展了特斯拉线圈的原理。在1891年7月30日，35岁的特斯拉加入美国国籍，同年建立了自己的实验室。

Achievements

Tesla obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions. There are a minimum of（至少）278 patents issued to Tesla in 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain and Canada, but many other patents were approved in countries around the globe.

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尼古拉·特斯拉一生独立开发并取得专利约300种，合作开发达1000种以上，帮忙开发的更是数不清，却分文未放入自己囊中。他一生的专利以及科技成果带来的金钱，除了用于设备或生活开销，全部赞助给世界各国的贫苦政府，用以惠及老百姓。

妙语连珠

Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room to nurse back to health. Tesla stated, “I have been feeding pigeons, thousands of them for years. But there was one, a beautiful bird, pure white with light grey tips on its wings that one was different. It was a female. I had only to wish and call her and she would come flying to me. I loved that pigeon as a man loves a woman and she loved me. As long as I had her, there was a purpose to my life.”

He was also critical（鉴定的；批评的）of Einstein's theory of relativity, saying: “I hold that space cannot be curved（使弯曲）, for the simple reason that it can have no properties. It might as well be said that God has properties（性能）. He has not, but only attributes and these are of our own making. Of properties we can only speak when dealing with matter filling the space. To say that in the presence of large bodies space becomes curved is equivalent to（相等的；等价的）stating that something can act upon nothing. I, for one, refuse to subscribe to such a view.”

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这位被世人视为疯狂科学家的怪才，对爱情也充满了期盼和憧憬。这位不折不扣的旷世奇才有着异于常人的为人处世方式和怪癖的言论，他曾经对爱因斯坦的相对论质疑，并提出了自己不同的见解和看法。