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I am miserably sorry to be adding bothers and torments to the over-supply which you already have in these hideous times, but I feel so troubled, myself, considering the dreary fact that we are getting deeper and deeper in debt and the L.A.L.getting to be a heavier and heavier burden all the time, that I must bestir myself and seek a way of relief.

It did not occur to me that in selling out I would injure you--for that Iam not going to do.But to sell L.A.L.will not injure you it will put you in better shape.

Sincerely Yours S.L.CLEMENS.

To Fred J.Hall, in New York:

July 8, '92.

DEAR MR.HALL,--I am sincerely glad you are going to sell L.A.L.I am glad you are shutting off the agents, and I hope the fatal book will be out of our hands before it will be time to put them on again.With nothing but our non-existent capital to work with the book has no value for us, rich a prize as it will be to any competent house that gets it.

I hope you are making an effort to sell before you discharge too many agents, for I suppose the agents are a valuable part of the property.

We have been stopping in Munich for awhile, but we shall make a break for some country resort in a few days now.

Sincerely Yours S.L.C.

July 8

P.S.No, I suppose I am wrong in suggesting that you wait a moment before discharging your L.A.L.agents--in fact I didn't mean that.

I judge your only hope of salvation is in discharging them all at once, since it is their commissions that threaten to swamp us.It is they who have eaten up the $14,000 I left with you in such a brief time, no doubt.

I feel panicky.

I think the sale might be made with better advantage, however, now, than later when the agents have got out of the purchaser's reach.

S.L.C.

P.S.No monthly report for many months.

Those who are old enough to remember the summer of 1893 may recall it as a black financial season.Banks were denying credit, businesses were forced to the wall.It was a poor time to float any costly enterprise.The Chicago company who was trying to build the machines made little progress.The book business everywhere was bad.In a brief note following the foregoing letters Clemens wrote Hall:

"It is now past the middle of July and no cablegram to say the machine is finished.We are afraid you are having miserable days and worried nights, and we sincerely wish we could relieve you, but it is all black with us and we don't know any helpful thing to say or do."He inclosed some kind of manuscript proposition for John Brisben Walker, of the Cosmopolitan, with the comment: "It is my ingenious scheme to protect the family against the alms-house for one more year--and after that--well, goodness knows! I have never felt so desperate in my life--and good reason, for I haven't got a penny to my name, and Mrs.Clemens hasn't enough laid up with Langdon to keep us two months."It was like Mark Twain, in the midst of all this turmoil, to project an entirely new enterprise; his busy mind was always visioning success in unusual undertakings, regardless of immediate conditions and the steps necessary to achievement.

To Fred J.Hall, in New York:

July 26, '93.

DEAR MR.HALL,--.....I hope the machine will be finished this month;but it took me four years and cost me $100,000 to finish the other machine after it was apparently entirely complete and setting type like a house-afire.

I wonder what they call "finished." After it is absolutely perfect it can't go into a printing-office until it has had a month's wear, running night and day, to get the bearings smooth, I judge.

I may be able to run over about mid-October.Then if I find you relieved of L.A.L.we will start a magazine inexpensive, and of an entirely unique sort.Arthur Stedman and his father editors of it.Arthur could do all the work, merely submitting it to his father for approval.

The first number should pay--and all subsequent ones --25 cents a number.

Cost of first number (20,000 copies) $2,000.Give most of them away, sell the rest.Advertising and other expenses--cost unknown.Send one to all newspapers--it would get a notice--favorable, too.

But we cannot undertake it until L.A.L, is out of the way.With our hands free and some capital to spare, we could make it hum.

Where is the Shelley article? If you have it on hand, keep it and I will presently tell you what to do with it.

Don't forget to tell me.

Yours Sincerely S.L.C.

The Shelley article mentioned in this letter was the "Defense of Harriet Sheller," one of the very best of his essays.How he could have written this splendid paper at a time of such distraction passes comprehension.Furthermore, it is clear that he had revised, indeed rewritten, the long story of Pudd'nhead Wilson.

To Fred J.Hall, in New York:

July 30, '93.

DEAR MR.HALL,--This time "Pudd'nhead Wilson" is a success! Even Mrs.

Clemens, the most difficult of critics, confesses it, and without reserves or qualifications.Formerly she would not consent that it be published either before or after my death.I have pulled the twins apart and made two individuals of them; I have sunk them out of sight, they are mere flitting shadows, now, and of no importance; their story has disappeared from the book.Aunt Betsy Hale has vanished wholly, leaving not a trace behind; aunt Patsy Cooper and her daughter Rowena have almost disappeared--they scarcely walk across the stage.The whole story is centered on the murder and the trial; from the first chapter the movement is straight ahead without divergence or side-play to the murder and the trial; everything that is done or said or that happens is a preparation for those events.Therefore, 3 people stand up high, from beginning to end, and only 3--Pudd'nhead, "Tom" Driscoll, and his nigger mother, Roxana; none of the others are important, or get in the way of the story or require the reader's attention.Consequently, the scenes and episodes which were the strength of the book formerly are stronger than ever, now.