第125章

[20] Cf. his admirable tales， "Entretiens d'un père avec ses enfants，" and "Le neveu de Rameau."[21] Volney， ibid . "The natural law . . . consists wholly of events whose repetition may be observed through the senses and which create a science as precise and accurate as geometry and mathematics."[22] Helvétius， "De l'Esprit." passim.

[23] Volney， ibid. Chap. III. Saint-Lambert， ibid. The first dialogue.

[24] D'Holbach， "Systeme de la Nature，" II. 408 493.

[25] D'Holbach， "Système de la nature， " I. 347.

[26] Diderot， "Supplément au voyage de Bougainville."[27] Diderot， "Les Eleuthéromanes."Et ses mains， ourdissant les entrailles du prêtre， En feraient un cordon pour le dernier des rois.

Brissot： "Necessity being the sole title to property the result is that when a want is satisfied man is no longer a property owner. . . .

Two prime necessities are due to the animal constitution， food and waste. . . . May men nourish themselves on their fallen creatures？

(Yes for) all beings may justly nourish themselves on any material calculated to supply their wants . . . Man of nature， fulfill your desire， give heed to your cravings， your sole masters and your only guide. Do you feel your veins throbbing with inward fires at the sight of a charming creature？ She is yours， your caresses are innocent and your kisses pure. Love alone entitles to enjoyment as hunger is the warrant for property." (An essay published in 1780， and reprinted in 1782 in the "Bibliothèque du Législateur，" quoted by Roux and Buchez "Histoire parlementaire，" XIII， 431.

[28] The words of Rousseau himself ("Rousseau juge de Jan-Jacques，"third dialogue， p 193)： From whence may the painter and apologist of nature， now so disfigured and so calumniated， derive his model if not from his own heart ？"[29] "Confessions，" Book I. p.1， and the end of the fifth book. --First letter to M. de Malesherbes： "I know my great faults， and am profoundly sensible of my vices. Even so I shall die with the conviction that of all the men I have encountered no one was better than myself". -- To Madame B---， March 16， 1770， he writes： "You have awarded me esteem for my writings； your esteem would be yet greater for my life if it were open to you inspection， and still greater for my heart if it were exposed to your view. Never was there a better one， a heart more tender or more just.... My misfortunes are all due to my virtues." -- To Madame de la Tour， "Whoever is not enthusiastic in my behalf in unworthy of me."[30] Letter to M. de Beaumont. p.24. - Rousseau juge de Jean-Jacques， troisième entretien， 193.

[31] "Emile，" book I， and the letter to M. de Beaumont， passim.

[32] Article I. "All Frenchmen shall be virtuous." Article II. "All Frenchmen shall be happy." Draft of a constitution found among the papers of Sismondi， at that time in school. (My French dictionary writes： "SISMONDI， (Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de) Genève， 1773 -id. 1842， Swiss historian and economist of Italian origin. He was a forerunner of dirigisme and had influenced Marx with his book：

"Nouveaux principes d'économie politique.1819. SR.)[33] "Confessions，" part 2， book IX. 368. "I cannot comprehend how any one can converse in a circle. . . . I stammer out a few words， with no meaning in them， as quickly as I can， very glad if they convey no sense. . . . I should be as fond of society as anybody if I were not certain of appearing not merely to disadvantage but wholly different from what I really am." -- Cf. in the "Nouvelle Héloise，"2nd part， the letter of Saint-Preux on Paris. Also in "Emilie，" the end of book IV.

[34] "Confessions，" part 2， IX. 361. "I was so weary of drawing-rooms， of jets of water， of bowers， of flower-beds and of those that showed them to me； I was so overwhelmed with pamphlets， harpsichords， games， knots， stupid witticisms， simpering looks， petty story-tellers and heavy suppers， that when I spied out a corner in a hedge， a bush， a barn， a meadow， or when， on passing through a hamlet， I caught the smell of a good parsley omelet . . I sent to the devil all the rouge， frills， flounces and perfumery， and， regretting a plain dinner and common wine， I would gladly have closed the mouth of both the head cook and the butler who forced me to dine when I generally sup， and to sup when a generally go to bed， but， especially the lackeys that envied me every morsel I ate and who， at the risk of my dying with thirst， sold me the drugged wine of their master at ten times the price I would have to pay for a better wine at a tavern."[35] "Discours sur l'influence des sciences et des arts" -- The letter to d'Alembert on theatrical performances.

[36] Does it not read like a declaration of intent for forming a Kibbutz？ (SR.)[37] "The high society (La societé) is as natural to the human species as decrepitude to the individual. The people require arts， laws， and governments， as old men require crutches." See the letter M.

Philopolis， p. 248.

[38] See the discourse on the "Origine de l'Inégalite，" passim.

[39] "Emile，" book IV. Rousseau's narrative. P. 13.

[40] "Discours sur l'économie politique，" 326.

[41] "Discours sur l'Origine de l'Inégalité，" 178， "Contrat Social，" I. ch. IV.

[42] Condorcet， "Tableau des progrès de l'esprit humain，" the tenth epoch.